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    Dilute and Concentrated Urine Formation: Renal Mechanisms

    Posted on Jan 28, 2025 in Biology

    Mechanisms of Formation of Dilute Urine

    In extreme situations of hydration (overload):

    • Proximal tubule: Resorption is equivalent to water reabsorption.

      The osmolarity is constant.

    • Descending loop of Henle: The renal medulla is the only part of the body that is hyperosmolar, and it becomes more hyperosmolar the deeper we go towards the calyces.

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    • Concentration of urine is controlled by which part of nephron
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    • Water moves into the interstitium, and there is no solute reabsorption (increasing intratubular osmolarity).

    • Ascending loop of Henle: The osmolarity decreases by increasing the filtration of solutes, but there is no water filtration.
    • Collecting duct:
      • Aquaporin II channels are assembled, and therefore, water is removed as it does not leave the interstitium.

        The osmolarity decreases.

    In this situation of extreme overload, urine can become as dilute as 50 mOsm/L. If this is maintained over time, one could urinate 20 liters a day (but if this happens, it is a pathologic condition).

    Mechanisms of Formation of Concentrated Urine

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