Adh hormone function

Vasopressin (arginine vasopressin, AVP; antidiuretic hormone, ADH) is a peptide hormone formed in the hypothalamus, then transported via axons to the posterior pituitary, which releases it into the blood.

AVP has two principal sites of action, the kidney and blood vessels:

1. The primary function of AVP in the body is to regulate extracellular fluid volume by regulating renal handling of water, although it is also a vasoconstrictor and pressor agent (hence, the name "vasopressin").

   AVP acts on renal collecting ducts via V₂ receptors to increase water permeability (cAMP-dependent mechanism), which leads to decreased urine formation (hence, the antidiuretic action of "antidiuretic hormone").

   This increases blood volume, cardiac output, and arterial pressure.

2. A secondary function of AVP is vasoconstriction. AVP binds to V₁ receptors on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction through the IP₃ signal transduction pathway and Rho-kinase pathway, which increases arterial pressure; however, the normal ph
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